{"id":976,"date":"2012-09-03T04:07:58","date_gmt":"2012-09-03T04:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"\/?page_id=976"},"modified":"2020-07-20T16:02:31","modified_gmt":"2020-07-20T14:02:31","slug":"oil-and-gas-applications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/?page_id=976","title":{"rendered":"Industry &#038; Oil and gas applications"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">LEMMA has strong references in this field and is working with the 8 major companies in this area. For confidentiality reasons, most of our applications can not be shown on this website. The interested reader can also consult the <a title=\"Offshore applications\" href=\"\/?page_id=680\">offshore applications<\/a> page to get an overview of our OffShore\/O&amp;G know-how.<\/p>\n<div><div class=\"su-accordion su-u-trim\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Rheology : complex and multi-phase fluid flow modeling &amp; measurement<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Available models for complex fluid flow modeling<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&nbsp;The picture below gives an overview of the different rheological models implemented and validated in <a title=\"NICEFLOW\u00ae : The ultimate strongly coupled CFSD solver\" href=\"\/?page_id=2923\"><strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong><\/a>. These models cover the overall needs of O&amp;G industry and research : viscoplastic flow, viscoelastic fluids at high We number, time dependent thixotropic fluids and multiphase flow).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-rheo-models.png\" width=\"650\" height=\"455\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Rheological models implemented in NICEFLOW.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Our partner for R&amp;D in rheology and measurements<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As measurement technics are also mandatory to accurately identify the constants in the numerical models, LEMMA has a strategic partnership with <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rheonis.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RHEONIS company<\/a>, whose expertise and knowledge are based on high-level experienced engineers and research scientists in this field.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Example : coupling intelligent mesh and viscoplastic flow in sudden expansion<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"su-row\">\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/O2PbF-lizAA\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><center><strong>Anisotropic mesh adaptation in sudden expansion. Viscoplastic flow.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-rheo-viscoplastic.png\" width=\"550\" height=\"315\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>3D anisotropic mesh adaptation in sudden expansion. Viscoplastic flow.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Flow in smooth and corrugated pipes<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-flow-pipe.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"189\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"NICEFLOW\u00ae : The ultimate strongly coupled CFSD solver\" href=\"\/?page_id=2923\"><strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong><\/a> is able to compute both newtonian and non-newtonian fluid flows in pipes, at several Reynolds numbers, ranging from stokes flow to fully turbulent (Re=1e7) pipe flow. For turbulent newtonian flows in pipe, many models are available, from RANS to modern and innovative LES-VMS model. Hybrid RANS-VMS can also be used if necessary.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Example of turbulent newtonian fluid flow in smooth pipe<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"su-row\">\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-flow-LES-VMS.png\" width=\"450\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Turbulent flow in pipe at high Reynolds number, using LES-VMS model.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-flow-profil.png\" width=\"450\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>LES-VMS velocity profiles in boundary layer zone.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Paraffinic oil (thixotropic oil flow in smooth pipe)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"NICEFLOW\u00ae : The ultimate strongly coupled CFSD solver\" href=\"\/?page_id=2923\"><strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong><\/a> has been used in many practical situations where complex fluid flow are involved and must be solved accurately. The following example (published in [<a title=\"Bibliographical resources\" href=\"\/?page_id=69\">Berton &amp; al, CFM 2011<\/a>]) gives a good idea of the striking results obtained using intelligent mesh coupled with non newtonian fluid (pseudoplastic with yield stress and thixotropic time dependent rheology) flow simulation. In the first part of the study, a classical spatial convergence is achieved using structured and fixed mesh. The second part shows how intelligent mesh technology allows us to perform a very accurate and converged simulation within less nodes (20% less nodes than M4 structured finest mesh).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-flow-non-newton.png\" width=\"550\" height=\"171\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Structured meshes and anisotropic adapted mesh used to simulate non newtonian flow in pipe.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-flow-non-newton-result.png\" width=\"617\" height=\"279\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Velocity profile obtained with different meshes.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/0NATzAA0Gt0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><center><strong>Anisotropic mesh adaptation in pipe for viscoplastic flow. Contour of velocity.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<p>The pictures below enable to show the time dependent evolution of the structure parameter used in the thixotropic model (Houska model). In the shear zone near from the wall, this parameter is decreasing, whereas its value remains constant and equal to 1 in the plug flow.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-flow-thixotropic.png\" width=\"681\" height=\"649\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Evolution of the structure parameter during the simulation. From left to right : t=0 (init), t=2s, t=5s, t=7s.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Two phase wall bounded turbulent flow (LES-VMS &amp; Level-Set formulation)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/1IX13GpRSZA\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><center><strong>Two phase wall bounded turbulent flow.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<p class=\"thescrollup\"><a href=\"#top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/scrollup\/arrow.png\" alt=\"&#9660; Sommet\" title=\"&#9660; Sommet\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>PCP and lobe pumps simulations<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Transient PCP (Progressive Cavity Pump) simulation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"NICEFLOW\u00ae : The ultimate strongly coupled CFSD solver\" href=\"\/?page_id=2923\"><strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong><\/a> was the first CFD code able to produce full transient 3D simulation of PCP pump within newtonian or viscoplastic fluid. FSI simulation are also performed. This work is published in [<a title=\"Bibliographical ressources\" href=\"\/?page_id=69\">Berton &amp; al, SPE Conference 2011<\/a>]. This was a very challenging case because of the complex geometry and large structure deformation encountered during the simulation. Please see below few snapshots linked to this work , with courtesy of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pcm.eu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PCM S.A<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-PCP.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"104\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Full transient and 3D PCP simulation. Top left : PCP. Top right : structured mesh generation. Bottom : velocity contours.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Please see below a validation result obtained with a viscoplastic and thixotropic fluid. The flow rate is accurately predicted within an error less than 5%, including uncertainties.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-PCP-validation.png\" width=\"730\" height=\"66\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>PCP simulation : comparison with experimental results.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/REUJN7wFMXI\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><center><strong>Animation of the PCP case.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Lobe pump<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Another original case is the lobe pump simulation involving intelligent mesh (mesh is repaired automatically when skewness or size criterion is no longer respected). The prescribed metric allows us to handle transient simulation within very small rotor\/stator gap (&lt;0.3 mm). This simulation is shown with courtesy of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pcm.eu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PCM S.A<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"su-row\">\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-PCP-lobe.png\" width=\"343\" height=\"315\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Snapshot : lobe pump shear stress calculation.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/POncqT9Bp88\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><center><strong>Evolution of the mesh in the lobe pump application.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"thescrollup\"><a href=\"#top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/scrollup\/arrow.png\" alt=\"&#9660; Sommet\" title=\"&#9660; Sommet\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Sand management \/ multiphase flows<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Multiphase flows models have been implemented in <a title=\"NICEFLOW\u00ae : The ultimate strongly coupled CFSD solver\" href=\"\/?page_id=2923\"><strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong><\/a> to produce accurate results depending on the considered physics. Many fields have to be explored in this area, but <strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong> is today able to simulate (with newtonian or non newtonian flows):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Multiphase flows with particles from low to high concentration (eg. one-way, two way or four-way coupling), with fast eulerian models. See below the turbidity current simulation which is validated with direct numerical simulations (DNS).<\/li>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-sand-turbidity.png\" width=\"696\" height=\"165\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Turbidity current : experimental example. From Som Dutta &amp; al.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-row\">\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-sand-front.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Front position. DNS and NICEFLOW simulations comparison.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-sand-profils.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"262\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Velocity profiles in turbidity current. DNS and NICEFLOW simulation comparison.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/lOljTH-0AqQ\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><center><strong>Animation of flow with transient turbidity.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Multiphase flows involving N dispersed phases of rigid particles.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Multi-scale bubbly flows (improved Level-Set formulation and Rayleigh-Plesset model).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Emulsion : models derived from kinetic theories are available to quantify emulsion specific area, break-up and collapse, and shape relaxation. Surface tension impact on stress tensor is also included. <a title=\"NICEFLOW\u00ae : The ultimate strongly coupled CFSD solver\" href=\"\/?page_id=2923\"><strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;is the unique commercial CFD code having this kind of advanced model. Validation is quite difficult in this case, and it was decided to perform code to code comparisons (<strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong> vs academic research code) to validate this approach. Results are presented below : the flow is laminar at the inlet and the shear stress is calculated at each time step. The model allows us to estimate the shape and droplets orientation in the domain. Blue color enlights area where break up occurs (variation of the droplets specific area).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"su-row\">\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/Industry-sand-shear.png\" width=\"400\" height=\"350\"><br \/>\n<center><strong>Shear rate and emulsion simulation in academic test case.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/FDny-vokdGI\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><center><strong>Example of emulsion computation.<\/strong><\/center><br \/>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"thescrollup\"><a href=\"#top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/scrollup\/arrow.png\" alt=\"&#9660; Sommet\" title=\"&#9660; Sommet\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-fancy su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Mixing process<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In fact, it is a very hard task to properly quantify if a mixing process can behave as promised. <a title=\"NICEFLOW\u00ae : The ultimate strongly coupled CFSD solver\" href=\"\/?page_id=2923\"><strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;is today the only commercial software on the market to provide powerful tools derived from kinetic theory to better understand and predict complex mixing process behavior. We are not talking about time residence simulations (that&nbsp;<strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong> is also able to calculate anyway) to estimate the quality of a blending process. Our innovative tool is a step ahead. It allows the user to directly predict the specific interfacial area, which is by the way one of the most striking quantity available and calculated with&nbsp;<strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong> to estimate the quality of a blend. See below an example : a 2D academic test case (Peclet number =100) to illustrate <strong>NICEFLOW\u00ae<\/strong> capabilities in predicting good and poor mixing areas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/UyfoxNpzKeo\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><center><strong>Mixing process simulation &amp; emulsion shape relaxation. Pe=100.<\/strong><\/center><\/p>\n<p class=\"thescrollup\"><a href=\"#top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/scrollup\/arrow.png\" alt=\"&#9660; Sommet\" title=\"&#9660; Sommet\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LEMMA has strong references in this field and is working with the 8 major companies in this area. For confidentiality reasons, most of our applications can not be shown on this website. The interested reader can also consult the offshore applications page to get an overview of our OffShore\/O&amp;G know-how.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":229,"featured_media":0,"parent":66,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-976","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/229"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=976"}],"version-history":[{"count":109,"href":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/976\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2968,"href":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/976\/revisions\/2968"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lemma-ing.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}